Tag Archives: Essex Junto

Who Were the War Hawks from Tennessee?

Flex Grundy and John Sevier Felix Grundy (1777-1840)  came from a frontier family that moved from Virginia to Pennsylvania and then to Kentucky.  Native Americans had killed at least three of his brothers.  His father died when he was young, … Continue reading

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Who Were These War Hawks?

Henry Clay and Richard Mentor Johnson were from Kentucky; Felix Grundy and John Sevier from Tennessee; Peter Buell Porter, from Buffalo, New York and John C. Calhoun from the back woods of South Carolina.[1] Henry Clay (1777-1852) was, in 1812, … Continue reading

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How Tecumseh Responded

Tecumseh, incensed, refused to respect the treaty.  He approached the British in Canada, assuring them he was ready for war.  The British were not.  He recruited more tribes to join his confederacy.  He assured Governor Harrison that he was only … Continue reading

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Who Were the “War Hawks” and Why Did They Want War?

Almost half of the Representatives who had passed Macon’s Bill No. 2 were not reelected in 1810-11. [1] Instead, a new breed of young politicians took their place. Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun were the most prominent.  Their reason … Continue reading

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Was Madison Right? Could War Have Been Avoided?

War with Britain could have been avoided.  In England the winter of 1811-1812 was one of the worst on record.  Crops failed.    Wheat prices soared.  With non-intercourse with Britain in effect, the once lucrative export market to America for manufactured … Continue reading

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More on Nineteenth Century Economic Sanctions: Napoleon’s Continental System

By 1806 Napoleon had conquered or formed alliances with every country that mattered on the continent.  Napoleon dominated the land; Britain dominated the sea.  He lacked enough troops to invade Britain.  He was unable to conquer Britain’s formidable Navy. Napoleon … Continue reading

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Dreading Civil War, Mathew Carey Wrote to James Madison

Carey became alarmed the civil war was imminent.  He read everything he could on the history of civil war and began to promote national unity. “I had devoured… nearly all the Histories of Civil Wars to be found in the … Continue reading

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How the Massachusetts Legislature Reacted

  During its winter session, from January 26 to March 4, 1809, the Massachusetts legislature passed three resolutions: They denounced the Enforcement Act as “unjust, oppressive, and unconstitutional, and not legally binding on the citizens of this state.”  They opposed … Continue reading

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Federalists Organized Another Constitutional Convention

Madison was elected the next president of the United States in 1808.  For the Federalist Party’s leaders in New England, it was a significant setback.  Their attempt to unify the party by a moderate course of action had failed.[1] The … Continue reading

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How Jefferson’s Economic Sanctions Angered New Englanders

  Jefferson’s intent was to keep the embargo in effect until either the French repealed their decrees, or the British repealed their orders.  Congress passed a ‘Force Act’ in 1809 bolstering the embargo.  It allowed federal agents to confiscate goods … Continue reading

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